Practice questions, not the official test. Independent study aid. Not affiliated with the UK Government or the Home Office. Questions are written by ChowChow Labs and are not official test questions. Study the official handbook (opens in a new tab) and check GOV.UK (opens in a new tab) for the current rules.

Study by topic

Early history and constitutional change: Life in the UK Test study guide

A short summary of what to know, then 28 free practice questions with answers.

From Roman Britain to the union of England and Scotland in 1707: the invasions, dynasties and turning points that shaped the country's institutions.

What to know

The Roman conquest of Britain began in AD 43, leaving roads, towns and frontier works such as Hadrian's Wall in the north. After Roman rule ended, Angles, Saxons and other groups settled and formed kingdoms. In 1066 William of Normandy defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, and in 1086 a great survey of land and resources was recorded in the Domesday Book.

In 1215 King John agreed to Magna Carta, which became a lasting symbol of the idea that rulers are not above the law. In 1348 the Black Death killed a very large share of the population. The Wars of the Roses ended at Bosworth in 1485, when Henry Tudor became Henry VII.

Under the Tudors, Henry VIII broke with the Church in Rome and Elizabeth I's reign saw the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1603 James VI of Scotland also became James I of England, sharing one monarch between the two kingdoms. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 tried and failed to blow up Parliament.

Conflict between Charles I and Parliament led to the English Civil War; Charles I was executed in 1649 and Oliver Cromwell later ruled as Lord Protector. The monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660, and the Great Fire of London followed in 1666. The Bill of Rights of 1689 strengthened Parliament, and in 1707 England and Scotland were united as the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single Parliament.

Key facts to remember

  • AD 43: the Roman conquest begins.
  • 1066: the Battle of Hastings and the Norman conquest.
  • 1086: the Domesday Book survey.
  • 1215: Magna Carta.
  • 1485: Henry Tudor wins at Bosworth.
  • 1588: the Spanish Armada is defeated in Elizabeth I's reign.
  • 1603: one monarch for Scotland and England (James VI and I).
  • 1649: Charles I is executed; 1660: the Restoration under Charles II.
  • 1666: the Great Fire of London.
  • 1707: England and Scotland unite as Great Britain with one Parliament.

Sources we checked

This summary is our own and doesn’t replace the official handbook. We checked it against English Heritage: the story of England, The National Archives: Domesday Book, UK Parliament: the Bill of Rights and UK Parliament: Act of Union 1707. Read the matching part of the handbook, then test yourself below. Next topic: Modern history and discoveries.

Written by ChowChow Labs and checked against public sources. Last reviewed 1 Nov 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Take a free mock examMock Exams 1–7 are free. No sign-in needed.
  1. Question 1 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which TWO principles are associated with the 1689 Bill of Rights?

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. The abolition of Parliament
    2. B. Unlimited taxation by the monarch without Parliament
    3. C. Freedom of speech in Parliament
    4. D. Free parliamentary elections
    Show answer

    Answers: C. Freedom of speech in Parliament; D. Free parliamentary elections

    The Bill of Rights strengthened Parliament through provisions including free elections and parliamentary freedom of speech. It did not establish universal adult suffrage.Source: Bill of Rights 1689

    Report a problem with this question

  2. Question 2 · Early history and constitutional change

    A timeline needs the year of King John’s first Magna Carta. Which date should be inserted?

    1. A. 1689
    2. B. 1215
    3. C. 1066
    4. D. 1832
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1215

    King John agreed to Magna Carta in 1215. It developed into an important symbol of limits on arbitrary authority; it did not create modern universal democracy.Source: Magna Carta

    Report a problem with this question

  3. Question 3 · Early history and constitutional change

    In 1603 the Scottish king also became king of England. Who was he?

    1. A. James VI and I
    2. B. Charles II
    3. C. Henry VIII
    4. D. William the Conqueror
    Show answer

    Answer: A. James VI and I

    James VI of Scotland became James I of England in 1603. The shared monarch preceded the parliamentary union of 1707.Source: James VI and I

    Report a problem with this question

  4. Question 4 · Early history and constitutional change

    A timeline marks AD 43 as the start of a major conquest of Britain. Which power launched it?

    1. A. The Norman duchy
    2. B. The Ottoman Empire
    3. C. The Spanish Empire
    4. D. The Roman Empire
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The Roman Empire

    The Roman conquest under Claudius began in AD 43. Roman rule left a substantial legacy of roads, towns and buildings.Source: Roman Britain

    Report a problem with this question

  5. Question 5 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which empire began its conquest of Britain in AD 43?

    1. A. The Spanish Empire
    2. B. The Roman Empire
    3. C. The Norman duchy
    4. D. The Ottoman Empire
    Show answer

    Answer: B. The Roman Empire

    The Roman conquest under Claudius began in AD 43. Roman rule left a substantial legacy of roads, towns and buildings.Source: Roman Britain

    Report a problem with this question

  6. Question 6 · Early history and constitutional change

    A lesson connects King John and the barons with a charter agreed at Runnymede. In which year?

    1. A. 1215
    2. B. 1066
    3. C. 1689
    4. D. 1832
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1215

    King John agreed to Magna Carta in 1215. It developed into an important symbol of limits on arbitrary authority; it did not create modern universal democracy.Source: Magna Carta

    Report a problem with this question

  1. Question 7 · Early history and constitutional change

    Select TWO developments linked to the Bill of Rights settlement.

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. Free parliamentary elections
    2. B. Freedom of speech in Parliament
    3. C. The abolition of Parliament
    4. D. Unlimited taxation by the monarch without Parliament
    Show answer

    Answers: A. Free parliamentary elections; B. Freedom of speech in Parliament

    The Bill of Rights strengthened Parliament through provisions including free elections and parliamentary freedom of speech. It did not establish universal adult suffrage.Source: Bill of Rights 1689

    Report a problem with this question

  2. Question 8 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which monarch was James VI in Scotland and James I in England?

    1. A. Henry VIII
    2. B. James VI and I
    3. C. Charles II
    4. D. William the Conqueror
    Show answer

    Answer: B. James VI and I

    James VI of Scotland became James I of England in 1603. The shared monarch preceded the parliamentary union of 1707.Source: James VI and I

    Report a problem with this question

  3. Question 9 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which year belongs beside the original Magna Carta rather than the Bill of Rights?

    1. A. 1832
    2. B. 1215
    3. C. 1066
    4. D. 1689
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1215

    King John agreed to Magna Carta in 1215. It developed into an important symbol of limits on arbitrary authority; it did not create modern universal democracy.Source: Magna Carta

    Report a problem with this question

  4. Question 10 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which TWO ideas belong with the 1689 Bill of Rights?

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. Free parliamentary elections
    2. B. Freedom of speech in Parliament
    3. C. Unlimited taxation by the monarch without Parliament
    4. D. The abolition of Parliament
    Show answer

    Answers: A. Free parliamentary elections; B. Freedom of speech in Parliament

    The Bill of Rights strengthened Parliament through provisions including free elections and parliamentary freedom of speech. It did not establish universal adult suffrage.Source: Bill of Rights 1689

    Report a problem with this question

  5. Question 11 · Early history and constitutional change

    A museum room about the invasion under Emperor Claudius belongs to which period?

    1. A. The Norman duchy
    2. B. The Ottoman Empire
    3. C. The Roman Empire
    4. D. The Spanish Empire
    Show answer

    Answer: C. The Roman Empire

    The Roman conquest under Claudius began in AD 43. Roman rule left a substantial legacy of roads, towns and buildings.Source: Roman Britain

    Report a problem with this question

  6. Question 12 · Early history and constitutional change

    A timeline describes one monarch succeeding Elizabeth I while already ruling Scotland. Which monarch?

    1. A. Henry VIII
    2. B. William the Conqueror
    3. C. Charles II
    4. D. James VI and I
    Show answer

    Answer: D. James VI and I

    James VI of Scotland became James I of England in 1603. The shared monarch preceded the parliamentary union of 1707.Source: James VI and I

    Report a problem with this question

  1. Question 13 · Early history and constitutional change

    Choose TWO principles strengthened by the Bill of Rights after the Glorious Revolution.

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. Freedom of speech in Parliament
    2. B. The abolition of Parliament
    3. C. Free parliamentary elections
    4. D. Unlimited taxation by the monarch without Parliament
    Show answer

    Answers: A. Freedom of speech in Parliament; C. Free parliamentary elections

    The Bill of Rights strengthened Parliament through provisions including free elections and parliamentary freedom of speech. It did not establish universal adult suffrage.Source: Bill of Rights 1689

    Report a problem with this question

  2. Question 14 · Early history and constitutional change

    Who linked the English and Scottish crowns in 1603 without creating the 1707 parliamentary union?

    1. A. James VI and I
    2. B. Henry VIII
    3. C. William the Conqueror
    4. D. Charles II
    Show answer

    Answer: A. James VI and I

    James VI of Scotland became James I of England in 1603. The shared monarch preceded the parliamentary union of 1707.Source: James VI and I

    Report a problem with this question

  3. Question 15 · Early history and constitutional change

    A museum marks the first issue of Magna Carta under John. Which date is appropriate?

    1. A. 1832
    2. B. 1215
    3. C. 1689
    4. D. 1066
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1215

    King John agreed to Magna Carta in 1215. It developed into an important symbol of limits on arbitrary authority; it did not create modern universal democracy.Source: Magna Carta

    Report a problem with this question

  4. Question 16 · Early history and constitutional change

    A learner connects AD 43 with roads and settlements built by which invading power?

    1. A. The Roman Empire
    2. B. The Norman duchy
    3. C. The Spanish Empire
    4. D. The Ottoman Empire
    Show answer

    Answer: A. The Roman Empire

    The Roman conquest under Claudius began in AD 43. Roman rule left a substantial legacy of roads, towns and buildings.Source: Roman Britain

    Report a problem with this question

  5. Question 17 · Early history and constitutional change

    A history display describes a devastating plague arriving in England in 1348. Which event is this?

    1. A. The Great Fire of London
    2. B. The Battle of Britain
    3. C. The Blitz
    4. D. The Black Death
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The Black Death

    The Black Death reached England in 1348 and caused very large loss of life. It had major social and economic effects.Source: Medieval England

    Report a problem with this question

  6. Question 18 · Early history and constitutional change

    A visitor explores a frontier wall built by Roman forces in northern England. Which site is this?

    1. A. The Palace of Westminster
    2. B. The Berlin Wall
    3. C. Hadrian’s Wall
    4. D. Offa’s Palace
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Hadrian’s Wall

    Hadrian’s Wall was a Roman frontier installation in northern Britain. It is not the modern border between England and Scotland.Source: Hadrians Wall facts

    Report a problem with this question

  7. Question 19 · Early history and constitutional change

    A history lesson describes conflict between Charles I and Parliament in the 1640s. Which event is being studied?

    1. A. The English Civil War
    2. B. The Napoleonic Wars
    3. C. The First World War
    4. D. The Crimean War
    Show answer

    Answer: A. The English Civil War

    The English Civil War involved conflict between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. Charles I was later tried and executed in 1649.Source: English Civil War and Protectorate

    Report a problem with this question

  8. Question 20 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which TWO statements describe the 1707 union?

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain
    2. B. All four modern UK nations first became independent states
    3. C. The Republic of Ireland joined the European Union
    4. D. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created
    Show answer

    Answers: A. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain; D. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created

    The 1707 union joined the kingdoms of England and Scotland as Great Britain with one Parliament. It was distinct from the earlier union of crowns.Source: Act of Union 1707 key dates

    Report a problem with this question

  9. Question 21 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which conflict placed the King’s forces against Parliament’s forces in seventeenth-century England?

    1. A. The English Civil War
    2. B. The Napoleonic Wars
    3. C. The First World War
    4. D. The Crimean War
    Show answer

    Answer: A. The English Civil War

    The English Civil War involved conflict between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. Charles I was later tried and executed in 1649.Source: English Civil War and Protectorate

    Report a problem with this question

  10. Question 22 · Early history and constitutional change

    Choose TWO accurate facts about the parliamentary union of 1707.

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. All four modern UK nations first became independent states
    2. B. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created
    3. C. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain
    4. D. The Republic of Ireland joined the European Union
    Show answer

    Answers: B. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created; C. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain

    The 1707 union joined the kingdoms of England and Scotland as Great Britain with one Parliament. It was distinct from the earlier union of crowns.Source: Act of Union 1707 key dates

    Report a problem with this question

  11. Question 23 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which medieval disaster sharply reduced the population in the fourteenth century?

    1. A. The Black Death
    2. B. The Great Fire of London
    3. C. The Blitz
    4. D. The Battle of Britain
    Show answer

    Answer: A. The Black Death

    The Black Death reached England in 1348 and caused very large loss of life. It had major social and economic effects.Source: Medieval England

    Report a problem with this question

  12. Question 24 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which wall is associated with Rome’s northern frontier in Britain?

    1. A. The Palace of Westminster
    2. B. Offa’s Palace
    3. C. The Berlin Wall
    4. D. Hadrian’s Wall
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Hadrian’s Wall

    Hadrian’s Wall was a Roman frontier installation in northern Britain. It is not the modern border between England and Scotland.Source: Hadrians Wall facts

    Report a problem with this question

  1. Question 25 · Early history and constitutional change

    A museum contrasts Royalists and Parliamentarians. Which war supplies the context?

    1. A. The Crimean War
    2. B. The First World War
    3. C. The Napoleonic Wars
    4. D. The English Civil War
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The English Civil War

    The English Civil War involved conflict between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. Charles I was later tried and executed in 1649.Source: English Civil War and Protectorate

    Report a problem with this question

  2. Question 26 · Early history and constitutional change

    A learner sees references to plague and widespread deaths in 1348–49. Which event is meant?

    1. A. The Great Fire of London
    2. B. The Blitz
    3. C. The Black Death
    4. D. The Battle of Britain
    Show answer

    Answer: C. The Black Death

    The Black Death reached England in 1348 and caused very large loss of life. It had major social and economic effects.Source: Medieval England

    Report a problem with this question

  3. Question 27 · Early history and constitutional change

    Which TWO changes belong to the creation of Great Britain in 1707?

    Choose TWO answers

    1. A. All four modern UK nations first became independent states
    2. B. The Republic of Ireland joined the European Union
    3. C. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created
    4. D. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain
    Show answer

    Answers: C. A single Parliament of Great Britain was created; D. England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain

    The 1707 union joined the kingdoms of England and Scotland as Great Britain with one Parliament. It was distinct from the earlier union of crowns.Source: Act of Union 1707 key dates

    Report a problem with this question

  4. Question 28 · Early history and constitutional change

    A guide describes an ancient Roman wall stretching across northern England. Which site fits?

    1. A. The Palace of Westminster
    2. B. Offa’s Palace
    3. C. Hadrian’s Wall
    4. D. The Berlin Wall
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Hadrian’s Wall

    Hadrian’s Wall was a Roman frontier installation in northern Britain. It is not the modern border between England and Scotland.Source: Hadrians Wall facts

    Report a problem with this question

Ready for the real thing?

Take a full 24-question mock exam in 45 minutes, scored against the 75% pass mark. You don’t need an account. Sign in free to save your results and flags and track your progress.

More free practice

Study by topic

Guides